LEARNING DIFFERENCES

A young boy with a backpack interacts with a dog in a sunlit forest, creating a warm, serene scene.

Dogs as Support for Neurodivergent Children

Modern society and traditional school systems are often structured to meet the needs of the majority. For neurodivergent children—those with ADHD, dyslexia, dyscalculia, language disorders, or similar challenges—this can result in daily feelings of exclusion, misunderstanding, or frustration. Yet, when given the right environment and support, these children have immense potential to learn, grow, and thrive.

One unique and meaningful form of support comes from dogs—whether as trained professional school dogs or well-integrated family dogs. While these roles are different, both can provide powerful benefits for neurodivergent children in everyday life and learning situations.

Emotional Regulation and Stress Relief
Dogs offer unconditional presence and calm companionship, which can be especially comforting for children who struggle with emotional regulation, sensory sensitivities, or anxiety.
Petting or sitting close to a dog can reduce stress and regulate emotions, helping children feel safer and more relaxed—whether at school or at home.
For children with ADHD or language difficulties, the steady and non-judgmental presence of a dog can create a sense of calm in otherwise overstimulating environments.

Improved Focus and Motivation
Dogs can spark attention and engagement in children who struggle with traditional classroom routines.
Activities involving a dog—like reading, giving commands, or doing tricks—can improve focus and help children stay present.
Simple responsibilities such as brushing, walking, or preparing food for a dog help develop executive functioning skills like time management and planning.
For children with dyslexia or ADHD, tasks become more engaging and motivating when a dog is involved.

Supporting Routine and Structure
Both school dogs and family dogs offer natural opportunities to build predictable routines.
Knowing that a dog needs care, attention, or play can add meaning to daily schedules and give children a sense of responsibility.
Routine tasks with a dog can strengthen self-regulation skills and build habits that carry over into school and life.

Building Social and Communication Skills
Dogs are excellent social facilitators.
For children with language difficulties or social anxiety, dogs provide a low-pressure way to practice communication.
A dog can act as a "social bridge," helping children connect more easily with peers or adults through shared activities and conversation.

Boosting Confidence and Self-Esteem
Interacting successfully with a dog—whether by giving a command, reading aloud, or simply being kind—can feel like a personal win.
These small achievements build confidence, especially in children who often face academic struggles or low self-esteem.
A dog’s non-judgmental response creates a safe space for trying, failing, and trying again without fear of criticism.

Learning Support Through Meaningful Activities
Professional school dogs are sometimes integrated into educational or therapeutic programs, with specific learning goals in mind. But family dogs can also be included in everyday learning moments.
Children with dyslexia may read aloud to a dog at home to practice reading in a safe and supportive setting.
Children who struggle with numbers can incorporate the dog into simple counting or sequencing games that make learning feel fun and relevant.

Every Child, Every Dog, Every Situation Is Unique
Not every dog is suited for work with children—and not every child will benefit in the same way. A dog’s temperament, training, and environment matter greatly. It's also important that interactions are always supervised by an adult and that the well-being of both the child and the dog is respected.

Whether in a classroom or a living room, the bond between a child and a dog can be a powerful source of motivation, joy, and healing. By embracing this bond and creating safe, structured, and meaningful opportunities for connection, we can offer neurodivergent children new ways to thrive—on their own terms.

Neurodivergent......

Neurodivergent children may face challenges in various areas of life. The difficulties associated with different diagnoses can manifest in different ways and sometimes overlap. No one is the same, and that applies to neurodivergent children and adults as well.

Common diagnoses that fall under the term neurodivergent include:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) – including autism diagnoses with varying levels of support needs.
  • ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) – with or without hyperactivity.
  • Tourette Syndrome – often involving tics and sometimes associated with ADHD and OCD.
  • Dyslexia – specific difficulties with reading and writing.
  • Dyscalculia – specific challenges with numbers and mathematics.
  • Dyspraxia (Developmental Coordination Disorder, DCD) – difficulties with motor coordination.
  • OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) – intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors, often linked to neurodivergence.
  • SPD (Sensory Processing Disorder) – challenges with interpreting and responding to sensory input.

However, the most important thing is not the diagnosis itself, but receiving the right support to cope with challenges, understand oneself, and develop strategies for navigating life. Knowing how to seek help from others—or support oneself—is key to building a good and fulfilling life<3

Anxiety and School Refusal in Youth

Anxiety and school refusal are becoming increasingly common among young people today. Many students experience significant stress, fear, and emotional challenges when it comes to attending school. These issues can manifest in various ways, from physical symptoms like headaches and stomachaches to emotional symptoms such as overwhelming fear and panic. School refusal is often a result of underlying anxiety, whether it is social, academic, or related to bullying, and it can severely impact a student’s ability to engage in their education.

The effects of school anxiety and refusal are far-reaching, not only hindering academic progress but also affecting a young person’s self-esteem and social development. Without appropriate support, these challenges can persist, leading to long-term mental health concerns. However, research has shown that interventions such as the use of school dogs can have a documented positive impact on students experiencing these issues.

School dogs provide a calming presence, emotional support, and a non-judgmental companion, which can help students manage their anxiety. The presence of a trained dog has been shown to reduce stress levels by triggering the release of calming hormones like oxytocin and serotonin. These hormones promote feelings of relaxation, reduce stress, and enhance mood, making it easier for students to feel comfortable and secure in the school environment. Over time, the school dog’s consistent support can help students develop emotional resilience, allowing them to gradually overcome their fear of school and re-engage with their education.

Sources:  www.dysleksinorge.no,  www.adhdnorge.no, Det er ord bak bokstavene. InfolitenBok (2017). www.chatgpt.com

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